{"id":2550,"date":"2014-06-27T15:15:51","date_gmt":"2014-06-27T08:15:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.appota.com\/?p=2550"},"modified":"2021-04-13T16:25:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T09:25:01","slug":"mot-so-khai-niem-co-ban-startup-can-biet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.appota.com\/en_US\/mot-so-khai-niem-co-ban-startup-can-biet\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n startup c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c startup n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/em><\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p (Startup)<\/h3>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i\u00a0th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1eeb khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (Investor)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u1eafm trong tay m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1edfi nghi\u00eap kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n thu l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho startup \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao nh\u00e2t. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa startup v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0\u00a0Mekong Capital, IDG Venture VietNam, Dragon Capital, VinaCapital, CyberArgent Ventures.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 2 ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n – Angel Investor <\/strong>:\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf, t\u00ednh r\u1ee7i ro cao, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i d\u00e0i (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 8 n\u0103m), v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 cao khi b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean s\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m – Venture captitalist :\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f3t v\u1ed1n cho nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh thu, mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m thu v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u00a0t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ee7i ro bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e0y d\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh cao tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ee7i ro cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p: V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Incubator) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Accelerator)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u1eabn chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c startups c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1edbm t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\/nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Incubator ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Accelerator. Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a Incubator th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Accelerator. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a Incubator d\u00e0nh cho startup th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f3 khi t\u1eeb 3-5 n\u0103m. Trong khi th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a Accelerator ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 4 th\u00e1ng. C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Incubator trong startup l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 20% ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n t\u00ednh cho Accelerator ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 6-10%.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Incubator v\u00e0 Accelerator t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Silicon Valley Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n FIRST c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, Younet Incubator, Topica Founder Institute, X- Incubator, HATCH ! PROGRAM v.v..<\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n:<\/h3>\n

G\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n (funding)<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c startup k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u00f3t v\u1ed1n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n ra qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng (round) kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

– Seed funding: V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, startup s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

– Series A: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 serie A th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 doanh thu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

– Series B, Series C v.v..: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp theo t\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Bootstraping<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n ra x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 xoay s\u1edf ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

Exiting<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 startup founder tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa. Khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp (Merger and Acquisition):<\/strong> Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 thu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ee1 h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, hay nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1…<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ty l\u00ean s\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n (IPO):<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty b\u00e1n ra. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 startup n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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